Debates about Ethnicity,Class and Nation in Allende’s Chile (1970–1973)

In 1964, Salvador Allende signed the ‘Cautín Pact’ with leftist Mapuche organisations in Temuco in which they pledged to support Allende’s presidential campaign and he vowed to introduce important socio‐economic reforms to benefit Mapuche communities and to respect their culture and religion. As has been argued in previous studies, there were limitations to the implementation of these reforms in practice. This article suggests, however, that even so, an important space was opened up for – and by – Mapuche people within the government’s left‐wing nationalist project. This shift was also reflected in the works of intellectuals closely linked to the Unidad Popular.     

The state of public discourse in Kenya’s post-Moi era: Where are Kenya’s organic intellectuals?

One of the defining moments in Kenya’s political landscape was the defeat of KANU, the party that had been in power since the country’s independence in 1963, by the National Rainbow Coalition, NARC in 2002. The victory was hailed as a new dawn that would entrench good governance, equity, rule of law, and human rights. After all, the victory was a culmination of many years of agitation against KANU dictatorship. Furthermore, NARC was a mass movement with national appeal and led by renowned anti-establishment politicians, civil society, and activist intellectuals and clergy. But, these aspirations would be betrayed by fragmentation of elites in NARC and re-invention of corruption by the same elites. This paper investigates the ramifications of the NARC collapse to the country’s post-Moi democratization process, more so the diminished role of intellectuals in public discourse. The paper demonstrates the urgent need for organic intellectuals and the way forward.     

中国共产党早期干部队伍建设的历史条件和特点

中国共产党的干部队伍伴随着党的产生而产生、党的发展而发展。中国的改革开放,又一次震惊了世界,这与中国共产党早期干部队伍建设的历史条件和特点直接相关。中国共产党坚持从国情出发,组建了一支来自工人、农民和先进知识分子的干部队伍;中国共产党的干部队伍在极其艰苦复杂的斗争环境中锻炼成长,形成了一个来自人民、植根于中国大地的领袖群体;实现了知识分子干部工农化,工农干部知识化;人民军队成为中国共产党干部队伍的重要来源和依托,是一支战斗队,又是一支工作队。这些特点决定了中国革命、建设和改革开放的走向。     

新中国成立初期知识分子政策出现反复的原因探析

知识分子政策是党的政策的重要组成部分。20世纪50年代我国知识分子政策出现失误的主要原因有：一是知识分子问题上的“左倾”思想根源，二是没有制定科学的知识分子政策，三是在全社会没有形成尊重知识、尊重人才的良好风气。因此，制定正确的知识分子政策，重视和发挥广大知识分子的聪明才智和作用，关系到中国社会主义现代化建设的进程和改革开放事业的成败，也关系到中华民族的盛衰。     

Religious Intellectuals, the “Woman Question,” and the Struggle for the Creation of a Democratic Public Sphere in Iran

The ideas of the new generation of religious intellectuals in Iran have been the main engine for the call for reform. These intellectuals have attempted to locate their views about the way women are and should be treated in Islamic societies in their much broader—and to them more significant—attempt to offer a modernist religious understanding and a more democratic reading of the role of religion in modern polity. Iranian feminists, on the other hand, have begun to insist that the particular situation of women in Iran is in need of more attention. Religious intellectuals have responded by engaging in reluctant analysis of the way the woman question poses itself in the Iranian context. So far, their analyses fail to take into account the gender implications of the struggle against absolutism and traditional authority. However, the dynamic interaction of the reform project with demands and aspirations of various sectors of Iranian public life will not allow the issue to rest here. Religious intellectuals, in their attempt to recreate essential religious truth in the form of new intellectual concepts and systems, will increasingly have to deal with systemic gender inequalities in a more systematic manner.     

论作为知识分子写作方式的晚清散文话语建构

梁启超、严复、王韬等晚清的思想者散文家,以散文的方式参与其时代话语的建构.他们的写作凸现着作为公共知识分子写作所通常具有的模式特征.时代的命定、社会身份的规定和个人特殊的心路历程等因素,决定了他们的散文--晚清主流散文,是以时代主题的表达为要务的.这一类散文有着思想的偏至和审美的弱化等特点.     

Homosexuality and the Repression of Intellectuals in Fresa y chocolate and Máscaras

Abstract The aim of this article is to examine and compare how the repression of homosexuals and intellectuals is portrayed in two recent Cuban fictional narratives: the film, Fresa y chocolate (Strawberry and Chocolate) (Gutierrez Alea et al., 1993) and the detective novel, Mascaras (Masks) (Padura Fuentes Mascaras, Tusquets, Barcelona, 1997). It discusses how these narratives document the history of both these phenomena and evaluates how they might contribute to a better understanding of the process of fundamental social and cultural transformation which the Revolution is experiencing following the collapse of the Soviet Union.     

中国现代知识分子政治认同问题探析

政治认同是一种政治制度得以维系的重要粘合力,也是执政党进行政治统治的核心要求。中国现代知识分子在中国历史舞台上扮演着重要的角色。由于受历史条件、社会背景以及群体特殊性的影响,导致了中国现代知识分子的政治认同历程极其复杂曲折,主要经历了三种不同的认同道路：一种是接受无产阶级的领导,走与工农群众相结合的革命道路;一种是依附于反动势力,走上违背历史发展规律的不归之路;还有种就是自成一派,积极探寻解决中国问题的第三条道路。随着中国革命的胜利,中国现代知识分子的认同与选择逐渐明朗,大部分接受和认同了无产阶级政权,置身共产主义事业。这样的选择,与其说是知识分子的,不如说是历史的。     

全面建设小康社会与知识分子的历史使命

全面建设小康社会是中国特色的现代化必由之路。能否充分发挥知识分子的重要作用决定全面建设小康社会的进程 ,这是由知识分子所从事劳动的特点、知识分子在建设小康社会中的历史作用以及知识经济时代特征所决定的     

Authoritarianism And Political Ideas Of Latvian Nationalist Intellectuals

This article explores the authoritarian elements of Eastern European nationalism from an historical point of view. The focus is on the case of Latvian nationalist ideas and particularly the authoritarian nationalism serving the interests of the Kārlis Ulmanis regime between 1934 and 1939. The evidence is collected from the political writings of nationalist intellectuals, who are treated as the authors of Latvian nationalist philosophy. It is concluded that the nationalist intellectuals were willing to accept authoritarianism as a realization of their visions of perfect national existence. Consequently, Latvian nationalism lost its conceptual independence and became an instrument of Ulmanis’ political rhetoric. Thus, the article provides insights about the complex relations between intellectuals and political power.